Vascularization addresses a key limitation of organoids: lack of blood supply limits size and maturation. Advances include endothelial co-culture, microfluidic perfusion, and bioprinted vascular networks. These enable larger organoids, improved nutrient delivery, and modeling of drug distribution.
VASCULARIZATION APPROACHES
CO-CULTURE
Endothelial Integration
Incorporating endothelial cells enables self-organization of vascular networks within organoids.
MICROFLUIDIC
Perfused Channels
Organ-chips provide engineered microchannels with continuous media flow mimicking blood perfusion.
BIOPRINTING
3D Vascular Networks
Bioprinting creates sacrificial templates for perfusable vascular channels within larger constructs.
ANGIOGENESIS
Sprouting Vessels
VEGF-driven angiogenic sprouting creates functional microvascular networks from parent vessels.