Animal Testing vs Organ-on-Chip
A data-driven comparison of traditional animal models versus human-relevant New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)
| Metric | Animal Testing | Organ-on-Chip |
|---|---|---|
|
Cost per Study
|
$2M - $5M | $200K - $500K |
|
Time to Results
|
2 - 5 years | 2 - 6 months |
|
Human Relevance
|
50 - 60% | 85 - 95% |
|
Ethical Concerns
|
High | None |
|
FDA Accepted
|
Yes (traditional) | Yes (since 2022) |
|
Personalization
|
Not possible | Patient-specific cells |
|
Throughput
|
Low (limited subjects) | High (parallel testing) |
|
Reproducibility
|
Variable (genetic drift) | High (standardized) |
Data Sources
- FDA Modernization Act 2.0 (2022) & 3.0 (2024)
- NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Emulate Inc. Clinical Validation Studies
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2023)
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- ICCVAM Strategic Roadmap 2024
- EPA New Approach Methods Work Plan
- European Medicines Agency NAMs Guidelines